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CAS 25301-02-4 Non-Ionic Surfactant (Alkylaryl Polyether Alcohol) Non-Ionic Surfactant (Alkylaryl Polyether Alcohol)

Tyloxapol

IUPAC: Formaldehyde;oxirane;4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol (oligomeric condensate) View on PubChem
CAS NUMBER
25301-02-4
MOL. FORMULA
C17H28O3 (repeat unit; oligomer)
MOL. WEIGHT
~4,500-6,000 g/mol (polymeric; repeat unit MW 280.
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Scientific Overview

Tyloxapol's branched polyoxyethylene chains give it strong surface-tension-lowering and mucus-liquefying activity, historically used in nebulized bronchopulmonary therapy (Alevaire, Tacholiquin). In research settings it is also used experimentally to block lipoprotein lipase activity, inducing acute hyperlipidemia in rodent models for lipid metabolism studies.

Tyloxapol is a non-ionic liquid polymer of the alkylaryl polyether alcohol type, formed by the oxyethylation of a formaldehyde-condensed alkylphenol. It is used as a pulmonary surfactant and mucolytic agent, and as a research tool for inducing hyperlipidemia in animal models.

Full Technical Data
Chemical Name Tyloxapol (Superinone; Triton WR-1339)
CAS Number 25301-02-4
IUPAC Name Formaldehyde;oxirane;4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol (oligomeric condensate)
Molecular Formula C17H28O3 (repeat unit; oligomer)
Molecular Weight ~4,500-6,000 g/mol (polymeric; repeat unit MW 280. g/mol
Reaction Scheme
4-tert-Octylphenol + Formaldehyde
NA
NA
Tyloxapol
NA
Commercial Applications

Pulmonary Surfactant Therapy

Historic mucolytic/surfactant agent in nebulized bronchopulmonary formulations (Alevaire, Tacholiquin) to liquefy and clear mucopurulent secretions.

Lipoprotein Metabolism Research

Used experimentally (as Triton WR-1339) to induce acute hyperlipidemia in animal models by blocking lipoprotein lipase.

Ophthalmic & Topical Formulations

Functions as a wetting and solubilizing agent in eye drops and topical preparations.

Laboratory Reagent

Used to solubilize lipids and study cell membrane and macrophage endotoxin-protection mechanisms.

Market Therapeutic Focus
NON-IONIC SURFACTANT (ALKYLARYL POLYETHER ALCOHOL) PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING RESPIRATORY & PULMONARY THERAPEUTICS LIPID METABOLISM RESEARCH SPECIALTY EXCIPIENTS CRO/CDMO
Scientific Literature

Study of influence of additives of tyloxapol on the chromatographic characteristics of the model compounds

Authors: Rukhadze, M. et al.

Biomed. Chromatogr.

DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1176

Tyloxapol attenuates the pathologic effects of endotoxin in rabbits and mortality following cecal ligation and puncture in rats

Authors: Serikov, V.B. et al.

Inflammation

DOI: 10.1023/A:1027302124253

Influence of the Surfactant Tyloxapol on Mucociliary Clearance in Human Respiratory Cystic Fibrosis Cells

Authors: Beubler, E. et al.

Pharmacology

DOI: 10.1159/000446474
Peer Queries & FAQs
What type of surfactant is Tyloxapol?
It is a non-ionic liquid polymer of the alkylaryl polyether alcohol class, formed by oxyethylation of a formaldehyde-condensed octylphenol.
Why is Tyloxapol used to study lipid metabolism?
At research doses it inhibits lipoprotein lipase, causing plasma triglycerides and cholesterol to accumulate, making it a standard tool for inducing acute hyperlipidemia in animal models.
Is Tyloxapol still used clinically?
Its main historic clinical use was as a mucolytic/surfactant inhalant (Alevaire); today it is used mainly as a research and formulation excipient.
What is the recommended storage condition?
Store in the dark at 2-8°C in a tightly sealed container; the product is air- and light-sensitive and can undergo oxidative degradation.

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